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I'm going to repeat myself a bit here but we have Thomas Owtlawe of Somerset Co. goes to Witchingham in around 1563 and the family settles at "Turtevilles" , How and Why? Well it turns out the Turteville's or "De Valle Torte" were a major player in the Norman conquest and later the crusades that originally had land in Devon-Somerset and Cornwall, We have a Joan FitRoy in the family and a Joan de Cornwall a mistress to the King. Later, the family is related to the Howard's of Norfolk.
No direct link to Thomas Owtlawe from Somerset co. but a man about London most likely Warden of the pewterers' Guild - Here from the time line some Early Thomas Owtlawes'
1492 - Thomas
Outlawe - 1 acre with a garden on the
southern boundary in Mattishall, the south head of which abutted onto the
King's highway
1493 - Inquisition
taken at the Guildhall - London, 23 March, 8 Henry VII [1493], before William
Martyn, Mayor and escheator, after the death of Edward Greene, by the
oath of John Machyn, Thomas Outlawe, John Gage, Thomas Couper, William
Wodestok, Henry Calvar, Thomas Rayner, Thomas Lybbys, Nicholas Jefray, William
Cambre, Richard Spycer, John Broune, John Knyght, Thomas Chamberleyn, and
Richard William - GUILDHALL
London - Guildhall,
London
1493 - Death
of Ellen Wodeward witnessed by Thomas Outlawe
- London - 23 March, 8 Henry VII
1501 - Thomas Owtelaw - Milton
- West Kent wills
1504-5 - In
the tyme of Laurence Aslyn mr willm pecok and Thomas Outlawe wardeyns - History
of the Pewterers' Company - glasid by Thomas Owtlawe pg 74, pg 76
1507 - Outlaw
(Owtlawe), Thomas, of Mattishall - probate will
1508 - Death
of Henry Frowyk - witnessed by Thomas Outlawe - London -
20 May, 23 Henry VII [1508]
So if the Owtlawe's had been men of the Valletort's then it would be likely that they would want to move into a manor that was once owned by them, showing the links of the Outlawe's to the Turtevilles and they follow the family to Norfolk with the family of the Howards....
| - - - -
Ancestors and-or relations of Roger DE VALLETORT of Trematon & Harberton
The Valletort or Vautort family was an interesting one. I don't know their source, but in the 12th century they held the Honor of Tremanton in Cornwall and also acquired the Honor of Harberton in Devon which was formerly held by the Nonants.
Roger Valletort, lord of Tremanton and Harberton died in 1207, leaving three sons and two daughters. The sons were sucessively lords of Tremanton and Harberton: Reginald who d. 1246, Ralph d. 1256 and was succeeded by his son Reginald who d. 1270, and Roger who d. 1275. The Valletort inheritance should have gone then to the sisters, Joan, wife of Henry de Pomeroy and Isabell, wife of Thomas Corbet, but were instead taken by the crown. John Lelands "Itinerary" says that he had heard that the lands were taken because of murder to which the Valletorts were party. This may have been a trumped up charge because Joan, widow of Reginald Valletort, who had m. Alexander de Oxeton, and was mistress of the king's brother, also wanted the land. In 1276 Joan Oxeton held the manors of Modbury, Brideford, and certain lands in Harberton"that belonged to Roger de Valle Torte and now to the King while the ward of the Valle Torta is in the hands of the King". Henry de Pomeroy, Joan Valletorte's grandson, got part of the family lands when he came of age in 1303. The Corbetts and the Oxetons also got portions of it. Tax rolls of 1313 show Henery de Pomeroy, Peter Corbett, and Alexander Oxeton all holding land in Harberton, Cheveryston and Pole. In 1338 Sir Henry de Pomeroy gave up his claim to the Valletort lands in Cornwall in favor of the king and his son, Edward Prince of Cornwall.
| - - - - -
Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall
- Earl of Cornwall (French: Renaud de Donstanville or de Dénestanville)
(c. 1110, Dunstanville,
Kent, England
– 1 July 1175, Chertsey,
Surrey,
England), High
Sheriff of Devon, Earl
of Cornwall, was an illegitimate son of Henry
I of England and Lady Sybilla
Corbet.
...
He married Mabel FitzRichard, daughter of William FitzRichard (who held a number
of fiefs in Cornwall) and had the following children:
...
Joan FitzRoy (b. c. 1150). Married Ralph de Valletort, Lord of
Trematon.
- - - -
Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall
- Richard of Cornwall (5 January 1209 – 2 April 1272) was Count
of Poitou (from 1225 to 1243), 1st Earl
of Cornwall (from 1225) and German King (formally "King
of the Romans", from 1257). One of the wealthiest men in Europe,
he also joined the Sixth
Crusade, where he achieved success as a negotiator for the release of
prisoners, and assisted with the building of the citadel in Ascalon.
...
He married three times:
...
Secondly, on 23 November 1243, at Westminster
Abbey, to Sanchia,
daughter of Raymond
Berenger IV, Count
of Provence. She died 9 November 1261. Sanchia and Richard had three sons.
...
Richard de Cornwall (1252–96) who married Joan Saint Owen (born 1260) and had children. He, however, died at the siege of Berwick-upon-Tweed in 1296. ***Question this entry according to Dictionary of National Biography, Volumes 1-20, 22 Richard and Sanchia only had two sons Edmund and Richard Cornwall who died as an infant. Suspect Richard De Cornwall referenced here is illegitimate son of Richard and Joan de Valletort.****
...
Richard also had a mistress, Joan de Valletort, who was certainly the mother of at least two of his illegitimate children:
Sir Richard de Cornwall (c.1255-1297)
Joan de Cornwall, in 1258. She married Sir John Howard. Among their descendants are the Howard Dukes of Norfolk
| - - - -
Trematon Castle - is situated near Saltash in Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is similar in style to the later Restormel Castle, with a 12th century keep. Trematon Castle overlooks Plymouth Sound and was built probably by Robert, Count of Mortain on the ruins of an earlier Roman fort: it is a motte-and-bailey castle and dates from soon after the Norman conquest.
The castle was established here by Robert, Count of Mortain soon after the Norman Conquest.[2]
From the Conquest until 1270, the rights for the ferry from Saltash Passage on the Plymouth side of the River Tamar to Saltash belonged to the Valletort family.
When Roger de Valletort sold Trematon Castle and manor to Richard Earl of Cornwall, the rent was paid to the Earl's bailiff. In the thirteenth century, this amounted to nearly seven pounds sterling. The Castle has remained the property of the Earls and Dukes of Cornwall without interruption since 1270, when Earl Richard bought it for Ł300
| - - - -
John Howard, 1st Duke of Norfolk
- KG,
Earl
Marshal (b. between 1421 and 1430[1][2]
– d. 22 August 1485) was an English
nobleman, soldier, and the first Howard
Duke
of Norfolk. He was a close friend and loyal supporter of King Richard
III of England[3]
with whom he died in combat at the Battle
of Bosworth Field.
...
John Howard was the son of Sir Robert Howard (1385–1436) and the former Lady
Margaret de Mowbray (1388–1459), eldest daughter of Thomas
de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (of the first creation) (1366–1399) and Lady
Elizabeth FitzAlan (1366–1425). His paternal grandparents were Sir John
Howard of Wiggenhall, Norfolk and Alice Tendring; by whom he descended from Richard,
1st Earl of Cornwall, through his illegitimate daughter Joan of Cornwall.
...
| - - -
Richard of Cornwall (Sir) Died: AFT 1280
Father: Richard
PLANTAGENET (1ş E. Cornwall)
Mother: Jeanne De VALLETORT
Married: Joan ?
Children:
1. Joan De CORNWALL
| - - - - -
Back to the 1550's: Notice no mention of Thomas Outlawe from Somerset who must have been earlier
1552 - Bargain and sale, Henry Rychers of Swannington, gent., to Robert his brother: manor called Turtevilles in Witchingham St Faith and all messuages, lands etc., in Witchingham St Faith, Witchingham St Mary, Alderford - lease of 20 years to Raffe Owtlawe, and said manor acquitted of title of dower of Elizabeth, wife of grantor - Turteville origin - Honour Reginald de Valle Torta (Turteville or Turville) in Devon - Trematon Castle - 1270 - Trematon - 1490 - Alice Turtevile, lord of Turtevile's manor, Stivekey, Norfolk
More about "Turtevile's" = Valletorte = Valle Tort Cornwall and Devon - It is interesting that Thomas Owtlawe from Somerset Co somehow comes to possess Turtevilles in Witchingham... hmmm
Ancestors and-or relations of Roger DE VALLETORT of Trematon & Harberton
The Valletort or Vautort family was an interesting one. I don't know their source, but in the 12th century they held
the Honor of Tremanton in Cornwall and also acquired the Honor of Harberton in Devon which was formerly held by the
Nonants. Roger Valletort, lord of Tremanton and Harberton died in 1207, leaving three sons and two daughters. The sons were
successively lords of Tremanton and Harberton: Reginald who d. 1246, Ralph d. 1256 and was succeeded by his son Reginald who d. 1270, and Roger who d. 1275. The Valletort inheritance should have gone then to the sisters, Joan, wife of Henry de Pomeroy and Isabell, wife of Thomas Corbet, but were insead taken by the crown. John Lelands "Itinerary" says that he had heard that the lands were taken because of murder to which the Valletorts were party. This may have been a trumped up charge because Joan, widow of Reginald Valletort, who had m. Alexander de Oxeton, and was mistress of the king's brother, also wanted the land. In 1276 Joan Oxeton held the manors of Modbury, Brideford, and certain lands in
Harberton "that belonged to Roger de Valle Torte and now to the King while the ward of the Valle Torta is in the hands of the King". Henry de Pomeroy, Joan Valletorte's grandson, got part of the family lands when he came of age in 1303. The Corbetts and the Oxetons also got portions of it. Tax rolls of 1313 show Henery de Pomeroy, Peter Corbett, and Alexander Oxeton all holding land in Harberton, Cheveryston and Pole. In 1338 Sir Henry de Pomeroy gave up his claim to the Valletort lands in Cornwall in favor of the king and his son, Edward Prince of Cornwall.
Note: Many sources have Joan, the mistress of Richard Earl of Cornwall, as widow of Reginald de Valletort, but John Carmi Parsons states that she was widow of Ralph de Valletort, while Joan Basset married Ralph's older brother Reginald. See notes under Joan, wife of Ralph de Valletort
It is interesting that a late Templar Grand Master in England was a Torteville (Turtevile):
1276 - Robert de
Torteville - Master Templar of England
1280 - Robert de
Torteville - Master Templar of England
This is a list of Knights Templar, the most powerful of the Christian military orders, the Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Solomon, originally named The Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple which is in Jerusalem, widely known as the Knights Templar.
England
Robert Turvile,1277,1281, (Footnote 165) 1285–6, and 1289
Robert de TORTEVILLE (1276)
Robert de TORTEVILLE (1280)
Proceedings Against the Templars A.D. 1307-11
All that can be safely said is that though there is no reason to suppose the Grand Master was tortured or even threatened, we do not know how the Preceptors were treated, and that we have no admission outside the documents themselves, that these confessions were made, and that the only time the attention of one of the accused was called to their contents, he at once repudiated them.
One of the most important of these alleged confessions was made by Gaufredus de Gonnavilla, Preceptor of
Aquitaine and Poitiou. He was called before the Commissioners and refused to say anything except that the Pope had promised to take his case himself. But in 1307, De Gonnavilla is reported as having made a confession before the French Inquisitor. In it he is alleged to say that
he was received in England at the Temple by the then Master de Torteville, by whom he was ordered to deny Christ, spit upon a cross, etc. That upon his refusing De Torteville said it would not hurt his soul, as it was a practice of the Order introduced by some wicked Grand Master, who was in the power of the Soldan, etc. It is to be noticed that the confession does not give the name of the Grand Master, which must have been only too well known if the story was true. (Some witnesses, however, said it was De Bello joco.)
Some info on the Templars / Hospitallers Buckland Priory:
Buckland Priory
- (which may also have been known as Minchin Buckland Preceptory and/or Buckland Sororum) was established around
1167 in Lower Durston, Somerset, England.[1]
It was founded by William de Erleigh (or Erlegh) for Augustinian Canons. A local spring fed fishponds (or vivarium) and supplied the priory with water and drainage. The ponds were filled in by 1725.[2]
The buildings burned down in 1234
The history of Mynchin Buckland priory and preceptory, in the county of Somerset - Thomas Hugo
A HISTORY OF SOMERSET
21. THE PRECEPTORY OF MINCHIN BUCKLAND
Soon after the sisters of this order that were scattered in several
commanderies in England were gathered together in one house at Buckland, so
there was attached to the preceptory the only priory in England of Sisters of
the Order of St. John.
...
The priory generally consisted of fifty sisters who wore the habit of the Hospital, a black mantle with a white cross in front.
St. John’s Commandry Swingfield « Knight of the White Cross
Saint John’s Commandery in Swingfield, Kent U.K.
Hospitallers preceptory founded 1180 on the site of the nunnery of the Sisters of the Order of St John of Jerusalem who were removed to Buckland Priory (ST 32 NW 3). The chapel is the only surviving building, it dates to the 13th century and was converted into a house after the Dissolution. Further alterations were made during the 18th century and 19th century. It was restored in 1972-74. Traces of other buildings survive as parchmarks and slight earthworks to the south and west of the chapel. It appears that the chapel was situated to the east of a courtyard. The cemetery lay to the northeast of the chapel.
| - - - -
BLESSED GERARD TONQUE AND HIS "EVERLASTING BROTHERHOOD": THE ORDER
OF ST. JOHN.
Some historians report, that Godfrey of Bouillon had found the hospital being running after having taken Jerusalem on July 15,
1099 ( which event and date represent the goal and end of the First Crusade ) and the sick and hurt crusaders would have been
nursed therein. Being taken with the magnanimity of the Brotherhood Godfrey would have made rich donations to the
hospital, which enabled it to become independent. Gerard, its director, therefore would have terminated the connection to
the mother hospital of St. Maria Latina and would have gone his own ways. However, the hospital next to the monastery of St. Maria
Latina received its own donations already in AD 1099.
...
Blessed Gerard reorganised the former guest house, which was then the hospice or hospital of Jerusalem totally in AD 1099, the year
of the conquest of Jerusalem by the crusaders. Of course, he had to do so, because there was a vast increase of patients admitted
to the hospital from among the crusaders themselves and all those who followed their trail as pilgrims again into the freed Holy
City. This reorganisation is considered the foundation of the Order of St. John.
...
Many pilgrims joined the newly founded order (when it was first founded) as helpers and brothers already in Gerard's times.
Rich donations, e.g. by Godfrey of Bouillon and King Baldwin I (1108) enabled Gerard amongst other things to erect branch hospitals in
European Mediterranean harbours. Already before 1113 there were branch hospices at the castle of St. Egid, in Asti, Pisa, Bari,
Ydrontum, Tarent and Messina. Pilgrims, who got sick, should be treated there at an early stage, because otherwise the influx of
sick pilgrims into the Hospital of Jerusalem would have become too big, especially as the passage to Jerusalem was free again in
these times and therefore big amounts of pilgrims came to Jerusalem again.
...
The second director of the Hospital Community: Raymond du Puy
Grandmaster from AD 1125 - 1158
The Hospitallers elected Raymond du Puy as the successor of Blessed Gerard. It is Raymond's lasting merit to have codified the
Order's Rule, which is being used here as the main source for elaborating the theme.
The Hospitaller Order was being transformed under his direction into a Military Order, following the example
of the Knights Templars and so it took on military tasks besides the charitable
ones. This is no surprise, because there were many knights members of the Order already. Providing security to the
pilgrims on their way from and to Jerusalem and in the hospitals was just a consequence of their aim to ca for their Lords totally.
The King of Jerusalem Fulko III. entrusted Raymond du Puy with the defence of the town of Beerseba in AD 1131, the border castle of
Beit Dschibrin in AD 1136 and the castle Crac des Chevaliers in AD
1142.
Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and Mythology - Joseph Thomas
Gerard Thom, , or Tenque, monk, the founder and first grand master of the knights of the order of Saint John of Jerusalem, was born about 1040, on an island near the coast of Provence. He went to Jerusalem when quite young, and was appointed superior of a hospital built for the benefit of pilgrims. Here he was held in great esteem, even by the Saracens, before the crusades began. The Moslems, suspecting Gerard of aiding the crusaders, put him in prison; but he was liberated by Godfrey of Bouillon. In 1100 he founded that order of warrior monks which afterwards became so celebrated. Died in 1121.
This was interesting = just found - Hanse League - Adam Outlaw of Lenn going out to Fight the "Vitalienbruder" German Pirates! So in this time period we had Adam, John and Robert Outlawe out of Lenn and part of the Hanse League...
Outlawe - Hanseatic League History
Calendar of the patent rolls preserved in the Public Record Office, RICHARD II. VOL. V. A.D. 1391—1396.
1393 - Licence for Sweyn (Swenoni) Stalefote, envoy and commissioner of the queen of Norway, to hire three large vessels of war in the port of Lenn, viz. one of which John Wysebech is master, one of which James Fobbyng is master, and one of which Adam Outlawe is master, and for the masters and crew to transport themselves therein with the said Sweyn. [Fadera.] By K. & C. - 1393 April 20. Westminster - 16 Richard II - Appointment of Robert Bekerton, the king's serjeant-at-arms, to declare and explain the king's meaning in respect of the above to the masters and crew and enjoin obedience upon them. [Fadera,] By K. & C.
There is also a John Outlawe in Lenn at this time!: (Interesting that in this entry Adam Outlaw is not mentioned but John Wysebech and James Hubbying are both mentioned:
1392 - ship of John de Wyssebeche, called Michael of Lynn - ship of James Hubbyng, called Margaret of Lynn
Adam Outlawe is documented later with a Robert Outlawe:
1403 - Commission to Robert Outelawe and Adam Outelawe (and others) That no persons banished from the said realms nor sea-robbers be received in any ports or ships of the realm. Feb 17- Feb 24 - Henry IV Patent Rolls. - Reference is made of Robert & Adam OUTLAWE being appointed, with others, to take certain enemies of the King into custody.
The royal navy a history from the earliest times to the present - Sir William Laird Clowes
Visby - is a locality and the seat of Gotland Municipality in Gotland County, Sweden with 22,593 inhabitants, as of 2010.[1] It is the only locality with historical city status on the island of Gotland; ... The city flourished, thanks to the German Hanseatic League. ... In 1361, Gotland was conquered by Valdemar IV of Denmark. 1800 Gotlanders were killed in battle in front of the city. Valdemar tore down part of the wall, set up three huge beer barrels and threatened to turn his men loose to pillage the town unless they were filled with silver and gold. The Visby city fathers fulfilled the demand, with churches stripped of their valuables. Valdemar added "King of Gotland" to his title list. His treatment of Visby, a member of the Hanseatic League, precipitated that League into war with Denmark; however, though Valdemar was forced into various concessions, he retained Visby as a Danish city.
In 1391, 1394 and 1398, it was taken and plundered by the Victual Brothers, pirates who sailed the Baltic Sea. An invading army of Teutonic Knights conquered Gotland in 1398, destroyed Visby and expelled the Victual Brothers. In 1409 Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen of the Teutonic Knights guaranteed peace with the Kalmar Union of Scandinavia by selling the island of Gotland to Queen Margaret of Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
Victual Brothers - were a companionship of privateers who later turned to piracy. They were hired in 1392 by the Dukes of Mecklenburg to fight against Denmark, because Queen Margaret I of Denmark had imprisoned Albert of Mecklenburg and his son in order to subdue the Kingdom of Sweden. ... At the climax of their power, the Victual Brothers occupied Gotland in 1394 and set up their headquarters in Visby. Maritime trade in the Baltic Sea virtually collapsed, and the herring industry suffered from their depredations. Queen Margaret even turned to King Richard II of England and sought to charter English ships to combat the pirates.
This is a pretty good explanation of the cold war between Norway/Denmark and the Swedish/German-Meckenburg:
Seafarers, Merchants And Pirates in the Middle Ages - Dirk Meier
Queen Margaret became Queen of Norway/Demark and Sweden , beginning of the Scandinavian Empire...
Margaret I of Denmark
- March 1353 – 28 October 1412), was Queen of Denmark, Norway and
Sweden and founder of the Kalmar
Union, which united the Scandinavian countries for over a century.
She acted as queen
regnant of Denmark, although in those days it was not the Danish custom for
a woman to reign.[2]
Her title in Denmark was derived from her father King Valdemar
IV of Denmark. She became Queen of Norway and Sweden by virtue of her
marriage to King Haakon
VI of Norway.
Margaret was born in March 1353, as the sixth and youngest child of Valdemar IV of Denmark and Helvig of Schleswig
Albert, King of Sweden - Albrekt av Mecklenburg in Swedish; Albrecht von Mecklenburg in German; c. 1338 – 1 April 1412) was King of Sweden from 1364 to 1389 and Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1384 to 1412 as Albert III.
He was the second son of Duke Albert II of Mecklenburg and Euphemia Eriksdotter, the daughter of duke Erik Magnusson of Södermanland and the sister of King Magnus IV of Sweden
Eric of Pomerania - KG (1381 or 1382 – 3 May 1459) was King Eric (Eirik) III of Norway (1389–1442), King Eric VII of Denmark (1396–1439), and King Eric (Ericus)[1] of Sweden (1396–1439; known there in history mainly as Erik av Pommern). He was the first King of the Nordic Kalmar Union, succeeding his adoptive mother Margaret I of Denmark.
Also found in this Patent Roll:
1394 - Simon Outelawe - Aug 4 Westminster pg 458
Interesting reference to Pursuivant Richard Outlawe in 1606 :
Quarter session records - Hemesley January 8,1606-7
62 QUARTER SESSIONS RECORDS.
Recusancy
...
Rob. Timperan [doth frequent Sutton and cometh not to the Church. This fellow was committed to prison to Mr. Owtlawes
at York, and brake from him about two yeres since and giveth forth lewd wordes viz. that before he be taken he will thrust a knife in
them],
1606 - Recusancy - Rob. Timperan [doth frequent Sutton and cometh not to the Church. This fellow was committed to prison to Mr. Owtlawes at York, and brake from him about two yeres since and giveth forth lewd wordes viz. that before he be taken he will thrust a knife in them], Hemesley January 8, 1606-7 - Helmsley
Helmsley - is a market town and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England.
Lists and indexes Vol 16 - Great Britain. Public Record Office
Early Chancery Proceedings - Bundle 56 - Pg 230
Thomas Wayn, Robert Oweton and William Owtlawe, feoffees to the use of John Langham, clerk - Thomas Gyggys Gent.- Land in Dockyng Norfolk - 19 Edw. IV
1479 - Thomas Wayn, Robert Oweton and William Owtlawe, feoffees to the use of John Langham, clerk - Thomas Gyggys Gent.- Land in Dockyng Norfolk - 19 Edw. IV - Docking, Norfolk
The Outlaws - Lemonrock live music gig guide
Interesting
that the man on the far right looks to be from the Outlaw family
Formed
from in 2005. The Outlaws have been performing throughout Suffolk, Norfolk
& Essex bringing their high energy brand of entertainment to many
many people.
With their reputation growing quicker than their egos, the band have performed
at pubs, clubs, birthdays, weddings, corporate and charity events.
Not to disappoint, you'll find music for everyone from rock, punk, ska, rock n
roll, glam and pop, by artistes such as Green day, U2, kaiser Chiefs, Primal
Scream, Madness, Bad Manners, Los Lobos, Elvis, The Jam to name but a few.
with a hard edged guitar style and if you don't get on your feet and dance,
you'll be sitting by yourself!
Get along and catch an Outlaws gig, they guarantee entertainment and you'll
definitely be back for more.
Some Hospitallers timeline information - Yes I keep trying to find more connections to the Hospitallers besides Roger Outlawe Grand Prior Hospitallers in Ireland ~1311-1340 - but no luck:
The Knights Hospitaller - the Order of the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem
In 1187, when Saladin captured Jerusalem, the Hospitaller Knights moved their headquarters to Margat, then to Acre ten years later. With the fall of Acre in 1291 they moved to Limassol in Cyprus.
1187 - Hospitaller Knights moved their headquarters to Margat
1191-1192 - Kingdom Of Cyprus is Established by Richard The Lionheart
1197 - Hospitaller Knights moved their headquarters to Acre
1291 - Hospitaller Knights moved their headquarters to Limassol in Cyprus
In 1309 the Hospitallers acquired the island of Rhodes. The grand master of the order, who was elected for life (if confirmed by the pope), ruled Rhodes as an independent state, minting coins and exercising other rights of sovereignty. When the Knights of the Temple were dispersed, some surviving Templars joined the ranks at Rhodes. The knights were now more warrior than "hospitaller," though they remained a monastic brotherhood. Their activities included naval warfare; they armed ships and set off after Muslim pirates, and took revenge on Turkish merchants with piracy of their own.
1309 - Hospitallers moved to the island of Rhodes
In 1522 the Hospitaller control of Rhodes came to an end with a six-month siege by Turkish leader Suleyman the Magnificent. The Knights capitulated on January 1, 1523, and left the island with those citizens who chose to accompany them. The Hospitallers were without a base until 1530, when Holy Roman emperor Charles V arranged for them to occupy the Maltese archipelago. Their presence was conditional; the most notable agreement was the presentation of a falcon to the emperor's viceroy of Sicily every year.
1334 - Crusader navy defeated Turkish pirates in the Gulf of Edremit - Crusaders held the port of Smyrna - Edremit - Smyrna
1523 - Hospitallers lose Rhodes
1530 - Hospitallers move to the island of Malta
In 1565, grand master Jean Parisot de la Valette exhibited superb leadership when he stopped Suleyman the Magnificent from dislodging the Knights from their Maltese headquarters.
1571, a combined fleet of the Knights of Malta and several European powers virtually destroyed the Turkish navy at the Battle of Lepanto. The Knights built a new capital of Malta in honor of la Valette, which they named Valetta, where they constructed grand defenses and a hospital that attracted patients from far beyond Malta.
1536 - Franco-Ottoman alliance - king of France Francis I and the Turkish sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent.
Battles involving the Knights Hospitaller
Gozo - In July 1551 Ottomans under Turgut Reis and Sinan Pasha invaded and ravaged Gozo and enslaved most of its inhabitants, about 5000, bringing them to Tarhuna Wa Msalata in Libya, their departure port in Gozo was Mġarr ix-Xini. The island of Gozo was repopulated between 1565 and 1580 by people from mainland Malta, undertaken by the Knights of Malta
Loannites Carnival in Malta and Gozo
- From 4 to 8 March in Malta and Gozo will be a colorful carnival of ancient history.
In the XVI century the people of Malta and the Knights loannites founded and first began to participate in this event, preceding Ash Wednesday - the day of the beginning of Lent.
A week-long carnival extravaganza was preceded by very strict fast the Catholic Church and reconciled with the need to refrain from skoromnoy food for a long time.
Now the carnival is celebrated in many cities of the archipelago, but the main events take place in Valletta, Floriana and Nadur (Gozo). Carnival - a riot of colors, wild imagination, embodies the unimaginable, extravagant costumes, masks and decorations. Boats and fishing boats, with care and pretentiously decorated by their owners - are also full members of celebration. Their furniture meticulously evaluated in several categories of the jury, and the best are awarded with prizes.
Ggantija - "Giants' Tower") is a Neolithic, megalithic temple complex on the Mediterranean island of Gozo. The Ġgantija temples are the earliest of a series of megalithic temples in Malta. The Ġgantija temples are older than the pyramids of Egypt. Their makers erected the two Ġgantija temples during the Neolithic Age (c. 3600-2500 BC), which makes these temples more than 5500 years old and the world's second oldest manmade religious structures, after Göbekli Tepe.
The development of the associative principle during the Middle Ages
The Knights Hospitaller of the English Langue 1460-1565 Gregory O'Malley
The Knights Hospitaller of the English Langue 1460–1565 Reviews in History
The Prior of the Knights Hospitaller in Late Medieval England (Simon Phillips) - Academia.edu
This is an original 1900 black and white relief line-block print of the Battle of Azotus that took place in 1191 CE during the Third Crusade.
Discussion 97. Azotus Paralus - (Ashdod, al-Minah) - The excavations carried out at Ashdod Yam (Biran, Christian News from Israel 18, 1-2 [1967], p. 42) uncovered the ruins of a Crusader castle built to protect the village from attacks from the sea. Trenches were dug there to check the ancient occupation
...
At the death of Baldwin III., the King of Jerusalem, there arose a disputed succession, and the Christians well nigh got to warring among each other. Many of the leading feudal powers declared the throne was elective, but Amaury, brother of the deceased, claimed it by right of descent, a right not well defined in Europe for some centuries later. This step averted civil war for the present, and the quiet settlement was due to Auger de Balben, Grand Master of the Hospitallers, who represented that disputes among the Christians would assuredly result in the coronation of the Caliph of Egypt or the Persian ruler. But such wise councils did not always prevail, for, soon after,
the Knights of St. John nearly ruined the cause of all the Christians in the Holy Land, by going to war with the Knights Templar. The Templars, as is generally believed, were a branch of the Knights of St. John, but had grown so great as to overshadow the parent tree; not in wealth, but in valor and general estimation. Jealousy now arose between the potent Orders
of military rivalry, pride, and vanity, stepped in, with all their attendant disputes on etiquette, rank, and precedence, until, at last, the Knights of the rival Orders never met without fighting. And to this cause we may undoubtedly assign the triumph of Saladin in the Holy Land. A house divided against itself cannot stand.
Owning no superior but the Pope, it was hard to find an arbiter of their disputes.
At last, in 1179, the King of Jerusalem applied to Pope Alexander III., who effected a reconciliation, and a formal treaty of peace, as if between two sovereign princes, was drawn up and signed by the Grand Masters. This treaty, with its articles on lands and moneys, proves, even now, that the love of filthy lucre was the main cause of quarrel. But the warning of wise politicians had no further effect than to check the scandal for a few years.
They became as bitter foes as ever, and, in 1198, the Pope again interfered, read them a moral lecture, and kept them quiet till 1240, when their hatred burst out more violently than ever, in consequence of a treaty of peace which the "Knights Templar concluded with the Sultan of Egypt. Four years after this, the Hospitallers were almost cut to pieces by the "Mohammedans, in a battle at Jerusalem, which lasted two days, and from which only sixteen Knights escaped. The Templars, to keep up the war, called to their aid infidel troops from Damascus. They were also defeated, and, by this alliance, laid the foundation of the charges which, in the next century, proved so fatal to Templarism. But the Hospitallers also formed infidel leagues, and were not a whit better or purer than their rivals. 'jThis, their union, in 1251, with the Sultan of Aleppo, in the campaign in which Chateauneuf, Grand Master, was taken prisoner, sufficiently proved.
At this time the Templars amounted to nine thousand men, while the
Hospitallers had nineteen thousand. Their mutual hatred rose. to such a pitch that, in 1259, they determined to fight the matter to the bitter end. Palestine scarcely ever witnessed so terrible a conflict as ensued. No quarter was given; lances were thrown aside, and battle-axe and sword finished the fray. In the end, the victorious Hospitallers cut to pieces the Templars, scarcely one of whom escaped to tell the humiliating tale.
But their ranks were soon filled up from Europe, and they were about to return to the deadly ordeal, when the appearance of a new common enemy, the Mamelukes of Bendocdar, checked their suicidal strife. Mutual interest caused them to unite their forces, and again, side by side, we find these knightly monks, though driven in all directions before the overwhelming numbers of their foes, fighting with all their ancient prowess and valor.
Ninety Hospitallers long defended the fortress of Azotus, and the Mamelukes crowded into it, at last, over their dead bodies. A small band of Templars, equally brave, defended Saphoury, but they died, to a man. On came the hordes of Mamelukes! Nazareth, Cesarea, Tyre, Jaffa, Antioch, fell in rapid succession, and fire and sword were carried to the gates of Acre. Here the victors were checked by the arrival of a new Crusade, in which was Edward of England (afterwards Edward I.), who gained a temporary advantage, and, in 1272, concluded a ten years' truce. But, in 1287, war was again at its height, the Sultan pursued with success his former advantages, and, in
1291, Acre fell, drenched with the blood of thousands of the Knights, and many thousands of their
conquerors. At the last rush of the infidel troops on the deadly breaches, a devoted band of Hospitallers, led by the Grand Master, secretly left the city, and fell on the enemy's rear. The Sultan, however, was not surprised; the Mamelukes turned upon the forlorn hope, and, shouting out the news that Acre had fallen, that the Grand Master of the Knights Templar and all his Knights were destroyed, beat the little band back to the sea, killing and slaying numbers of them, until they secured a boat and escaped.
And no large boat was required, for seven Knights were all of the host who escaped. This sad remnant made for Cyprus, and after an expiring struggle on the part of the Knights Templar, the Holy Land was lost.
Arrived at Cyprus, the Grand Master of the Hospitallers, who was one of the escaped seven, summoned the Knights from all Europe, and repaired again to Palestine. But the fire of the Crusades was quenched; troops and money, the sinews of war, were not forthcoming, and, after ten more years, all they could aspire to was the island of
Rhodes. This they gained in 1310, and held till 1522, when it was lost, after a memorable siege. From this occupation they have been known as the Knights of Rhodes, as in their subsequent history they became the Knights of Malta.
Rhodes was in a deplorable condition, having scarce a vestige of its ancient prosperity and splendor. Mohammedan pirates and Greek rebels occupied it, defying all the Eastern empires. These joined issue against the new comers, and it took four years of bloody war to subdue them. So dim, at one time, was the prospect of success, that the mercenary troops left the Knights, and returned to Europe. At last, however, when affairs were most desperate, when the Grand Master found himself, by a movement of the Grecian Emperor, the besieged instead of the besieger, he made a sortie, and succeeded in defeating all his foes in a general battle, but with a heavy loss of Knights. Success cheered him on, and finally, on the 15th of August, 1310, he succeeded in planting the standard of the Order on the walls, and Rhodes was his. The infidels were cut to pieces, nor, let the historians gloss it as they may, were the schismatic Greeks much better treated.
By the reduction of the neighboring islands of Telos, Cos, Leros, and others, the Grand Master secured what may be regarded as a little kingdom, and hoped to settle down in peace and quiet. But the Turks of the House of Osman, lately victorious in Asia Minor, pounced upon his little kingdom, and besieged it for some time. Despite the fact that the fortress was out of repair, and the number of Knights reduced and weakened, they defended their position with such valor, that the Turks raised the siege, and left them alone.
And now a new era of prosperity dawned upon the Order. Eulk de Villa-nt, the Grand Master, was the right man in the right place. He applied his mind to commerce, and soon revived the ancient glories of Rhodes. "Wine, marbles, and delicious fruits, and excellent sailors, were in all the little isles; trade was soon established, the valor of the Knights made their home a rallying centre for all the oppressed Christians of the East, and the suppression of the Knights Templar, in 1312, gave them immense additions to their wealth. Pride and arrogance again returned.
Not occupying themselves alone in trading with friendly powers, the Knights undertook to clear the seas of the pirate Turks; and each of them was bound to make at least one cruise a year. In their History, these cruizes are termed caravans.
But from fighting pirates to being pirates themselves was an easy step, and the Knights soon became the terror of the Mediterranean. They lost their discipline and broke their vows. Enriched by prizemoney, and excited by adventure, they lost all semblance of a monastic body. The street-scenes of Rhodes, the religious city, find their counterpart in those of the Portsmouth of to-day— gaming, drinking and debauchery, unconcealed from the glare of noon. Insubordination, jealousy, and disunion, were the natural results.
While matters were thus progressing, in 1321, the Osmanli prince, Orchan, attempted to drive the Knights out, but was defeated. This advantage was followed up into Asia Minor, where they took Smyrna, which they held for fifty-six years, and only gave up to the victorious Tamerlane, in 1400.
In 1347, the Knights defended Armenia; in 1355, they proposed the conquest of the Morea, which, but for the death of the Pope, they would have undertaken; in 1366, they attempted to conquer Egypt, and actually took Alexandria, holding it some days; in 1376, they escorted Pope Gregory XI. from the mouth of the Rhone to that of the Tiber; in the same year they took Patras; and, in 1396, they joined the league of the Christians against Bajazet, and fought at the siege of Nicopolis, where many of their numbers fell. Four times did the Musselmans make prodigious efforts to dislodge them, and four times were signally defeated. In one of those expeditions the Egyptians landed eighteen thousand men at Rhodes, who, after fighting for forty days;, were compelled to re-embark. This was in 1444, but
the most memorable attack was in 1492. The Turks then left nine thousand men dead before the city walls, and the Grand Master, in the defence, received no fewer than five wounds. But this was the last great victory of the Knights at Rhodes.
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1259. pp. 745-6.
How the Templars and Hospitallers killed each other.
Also at the same time, the Templars, brothers of St. Lazarus and St. Thomas, the men of Acre, Hospitallers and their fellow-provincials, also others like the Genoese and Pisans, quarrelled in the Holy
Land. They used to be legitimate defenders of the Church, but then became destroyers of it and of peace, and even became its cruel exterminators.
For a certain lethal dissension arose between the Hospitallers and the Templars, and the Hospitallers unanimously rose up against the Templars. They wiped out the greater part of themselves but, it is said, completely destroyed the Templars. So as it is said
scarcely one of the Templars’ side survived, but many of the Hospitallers. Never among Christians, especially religious, was such a great and miserable slaughter reported.
For this reason all the Templars remaining on this side of the sea took counsel together and urgently informed all the brothers of their order dwelling in their houses spread everywhere, as it is said, that with no excuses allowed, they should assign necessary guards to each house and hastily congregate in the Holy Land. This was to make some small restoration of their houses in the regions of Acre which had been emptied and an infinite number of brothers destroyed, and in order to inflict horrible vengeance and hostile retribution on the Hospitallers.
It was greatly feared that unless the Almighty should alleviate the situation, the peace and great stability of the Christians should largely perish on account of their intolerable fury.
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chapter4
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In the expedition to Egypt in 1219, the Templars were amongst the bravest of the brave. And in the second expedition there under
St. Louis of France, 1250, at the sanguinary battle of Massoura, under-taken against the advice of the Masters of the Temple and the Hospital, they fought with all their accustomed daring.
The King and twenty thousand Crusaders were taken prisoners, among them the Master of the Hospital. The Master of the Templars, Walter de Sonnac, fell fighting with his Knights.
Mention has been made of the rivalry between the Hospitallers and the Templars. This rivalry at times proceeded to enmity and open conflict. They made war upon one another from their fortified castles, and only laid aside their jealousy in the face of a common enemy, and not always then. This feeling reached such a height
in 1259, that a pitched battle was fought in Syria, between the two Orders. The Templars were defeated, and so great was the enmity displayed by their rivals that they cut to pieces any Templar who fell into their hands, and scarcely one remained to carry the news to Europe.
But whatever their faults, their valour and constancy in faith remained undiminished.
In 1244, at the battle of Gaza, where the Christians were defeated, and from which the Latin Kingdom in Palestine never recovered, out of 300 Templars only 18 escaped, and out of 200 Hospitallers only 16.
In 1266 the Egyptians were besieging the fortress of Saphoury. After a determined defence the Prior of the Templars agreed to surrender the fortress, on condition that the Knights and the garrison--600 men in all--should be allowed to proceed to the next Christian town. The Moslem leader, after taking possession of the place, violated the conditions and gave the Knights a few hours to decide between death and conversion to Islamism. The Prior, with two Franciscan Monks, spent the time in exhorting their brethren to remain true, and at the appointed time they all avowed their determination to die rather than incur the dishonour of apostacy. The Knights were beheaded, and the Prior and the Monks were flayed alive.
Ten Great Events in History - (by James Johonnot)
1096 - First Crusade - Upward of six hundred thousand warriors of the West, beside a multitude of priests, women, and children, were at last actually encamped on Asiatic soil. It was literally a moving nation, in which all languages were spoken, all costumes worn.
1097 - the siege of Antioch toward the end of October, 1097 - famine - Antioch was taken on the 3d of June, 1098 - No quarter was shown. - With increasing famine came a pestilence, so that in a short time but sixty thousand remained of the three hundred thousand that had invested Antioch - lance with which the Roman soldiers pierced the side of Christ as he hung on the cross is found. - June, 1098, two hundred thousand Turks, in the full flush of health and strength, were routed, outside the walls of Antioch, by a half-famished Christian army. - The tragical fate of Peter Barthelmy must be mentioned. Many of the crusaders had begun to question the genuineness of the relic he had found. He was prevailed upon to submit to the ordeal of fire, and perished in the flames. From that moment the story of the relic lost credit.
1099 - summer of 1099 that the forty thousand crusaders, who were all that remained of the vast army which had two years ago laid seige to Nice, were recompensed for all their toils by a sight of the Holy City,
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Here is the story of an Irish Prior of Kilmainham in 1461 - And this history shows that the man did travel to Rhodes to get his position at Kilmainham :
The remarkable career of Prior James Keating - Bree Heritage
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James was born in Ballybrennan, or as it was then known Kilcowanmore[i]. He belonged to an important local family, the Keatings, who had been lords of Kilcowanmore since at least 1247 AD[ii]. At an early age James was enrolled in the Knights of St. John Jerusalem, a military religious order who were also known as the Knights Hospitallers. The Knights origins lay in the holy land where they protected pilgrims and fought the Saracens (Muslims). In Ireland they were entrusted with defending the Anglo-Norman colony from attack by the native Irish. One of their main Irish preceptories (monasteries) was located in Bree at Ballyhogue and it is likely this is where James Keating began his religious education. Indeed, the Keating family had a strong affiliation with the Knights Hopitallers as in the early 13th century they had donated churches at Slieve Coillte, Horeswood and Ballybrennan, Bree to the order[iii].
1454 - Protection to John Owtelawe in the retinue of John earl of Worcester - Oct 23 - 33 Henry VI - French Rolls - John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester - "the butcher of England" - in 1449 Lord High Treasurer and then as Lord Deputy of Ireland (1456–1457) - King Henry VI's seizure with madness, in August 1453, supplied York with an opportunity of getting control of the government without the use of force against the King. ... the lords came up to London, early in 1454, with great retinues
Bright and ambitious, James quickly rose up through the ranks of the Irish Hospitaller order and in 1459 he undertook the long and perilous journey to the Island of Rhodes in the eastern Mediterranean[iv]. This was the Knights Hospitallers main base in Europe and it was where their Grand Master resided. It appears James undertook this arduous voyage so he could personally canvas the Grand Master about taking control of the Irish Hospitallers. After two years on the Greek island he was finally successful in this endeavour and on the 9th of July 1461 he was ratified as Head Prior of the Irish Knights Hospitallers by Grand Master Raymond Zacosta. On returning to Ireland James moved into the Knight’s Hospitaller’s main Priory at Kilmainham, Dublin ...
in 1467 when James was called to Rome to attend a general chapter of the
Knights of Hospitallers.
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The king had appointed an Englishman Sir John Tiptoft, the Earl of Worcester,
as the new Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
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On 23 May 1480 an Ottoman fleet of 160 ships appeared before the city, along with an army of 70,000 men. For the next three months a bloody and violent siege ensued, with large casualties on both sides. Finally the Knights Hospitallers managed to repulse the Turkish attacks and on August 17 the Ottoman army left defeated. Fearing another attack was imminent and seeing that his army was severely depleted the Grand Master requested reinforcements from all over Europe. Ireland was not forgotten in his plea and Prior Keating was ordered to Rhodes to defend the city.
Keating had no interest in undertaking such an arduous journey and he
pointedly refused to go. After waiting for over a year and half the Grand
Master finally lost patience with the Ballybrennan man and took drastic action. In
1482 Keating was deprived of his position and an English Knight, Brother
Marmaduke Lumley, was chosen instead as the new Head Prior in Ireland, a
move that was subsequently approved by Pope Sixtus IV[xi].
However, James Keating was not the kind of man who went quietly into the night.
...
When Marmaduke Lumley landed near Clontarf, Co. Dublin he was met by a large
force of men under the command of James Keating. The Wexford native had no
intention of relinquishing his position without a fight and he immediately
arrested Lumley and took all his patents of confirmation[xii].
News of this outrage reached the Papal Legate in Ireland, de Palatio and also
the Archbishop of Dublin, John Watton, both of whom formally excommunicated
Keating[xiii].
This didn’t perturb James in the slightest and he continued to ignore the
Grand Master’s orders to stand down. In 1484 an exasperated de Palatio led a
large force of soldiers to Marmaduke Lumley’s defence[xiv].
Undeterred Keating and his men confronted the Papal Legate’s expedition and
repulsed it. The unfortunate Lumely was to die a short time afterwards in
Keating’s prison[xv].
For the moment at least Prior Keating’s fortunes were on the rise.
...
In 1485 at the Battle of Bosworth Field in England Henry Tudor defeated King
Richard III. This marked the final battle of the English Civil war and
disastrously for James Keating it saw the House of York finally defeated. I
...
Fortunate not to face execution for treason the Ballybrennan man was removed
from his position as Head Prior of the Knights Hospitallers. He subsequently
disappeared into obscurity and ‘ended his turbulent life in abject poverty and
disgrace
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Battle of Montgisard - was fought between the Ayyubids and the Kingdom of Jerusalem on November 25, 1177. The 16-year-old King Baldwin IV, seriously afflicted by leprosy, led an out-numbered Christian force against the army of Saladin. The Arab force was routed and their casualties were massive, only a fraction managed to flee to safety.
1177 - Battle of Montgisard - King Baldwin IV, and Philip of Alsace who had recently arrived on pilgrimage, planned an alliance with the Byzantine Empire for a naval attack on Egypt; but none of these plans came to fruition - The Arab force was routed and their casualties were massive, only a fraction managed to flee to safety.
476 A.D.- Decline of the Roman Empire - Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was deposed by Odoacer, a Germanic chieftain
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St. Nicholas Center Ireland - According to local Irish legend, Saint Nicholas is buried in County Kilkenny. The grave is said to be in the ruined Church of St Nicholas, Jerpoint. The church is all that remains of the medieval village, Newtown Jerpoint, that fell to ruin by the 17th century. The village was surrounded the Cistercian Jerpoint Abbey, founded in 1183. Located on 1,880 acres, the abbey had its own gardens, watermills, cemetery, granary, and kitchens. It served as a launching point for Irish-Norman Crusaders from Kilkenny. The abbey was disolved in 1540.
The ruined church is now found on privately held farm land. Located to the west of the abbey, the church has an unusual grave slab with an image of a cleric, thought to be a bishop, and two other heads. The cleric is said to be St Nicholas and the heads, the two crusaders who, so the story goes, brought Nicholas' remains back to Ireland. Though the church dates from 1170, the grave slab appears to be from the 1300s.
The tale tells of a band of Irish-Norman knights from Jerpoint, traveling to the Holy Land to take part in the Crusades. On retreat, as they headed home to Ireland, they seized St Nicholas' remains, bringing them back to Kilkenny, where the bones were buried.
Evidence lends some posible credence to this tale as the Normans in Kilkenny were keen collectors of religious relics—possibly even more so than the Italians. And it is known that Norman knights from Kilkenny participated in the Holy Land Crusades.
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Kilfane Church
- Kilkenny - Thomastown - kilfane
The 13th century
church of Kilfane, now lies in ruins. But its remains are well worth
exploring. It has an adjoining castellated presbytery and bell tower and there
are traces of the original consecration crosses to be seen. Three original
doorways in the north and south walls are headed by ogee stones. Remains of an
altar, piscina, book rest and multiple recesses all grace the interior walls. A
13th century sedilia near the altar is believed to have come from an earlier
church at the site and still has traces of medieval paint.
The most remarkable feature is the effigy of Cantwell Fada (long man) from mid
13th to early 14th century. This effigy of a Norman knight in full armour carved
from a single slab of limestone stands against the North wall. The Cantwell Fada
is over two metres in height and is the tallest such effigy in Ireland or
Britain. The Knight has his legs crossed (possibly signifying that he had
been on the Crusades), and wears a fine suit of chain mail, spurs and is
accompanied by a sword and shield bearing the arms of the Cantwell family, it is
believed that the figure represents Thomas de Cantwell who died in 1320.
The Cantwells were Lords of Kilfane and adjoining areas from shortly after the
arrival of the Normans to the confiscations following the Confederation.
1333 - Aug 4 - Power for
Roger Outlawe, prior of St. John of Jerusalem in Ireland, to treat with the Irish rebels, and receive them into the K.'s peace.
.
1333 - Aug 4 - The K. desires the
archbp. of Cashel, William de Burgh, earl of Ulster, and 14 others, to assist Roger de Outlawe in his treaty of
peace.
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